new-infofer-scraper/server/Services/Implementations/Database.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Nodes;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Logging;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
using MongoDB.Bson;
using MongoDB.Bson.Serialization.Attributes;
using MongoDB.Driver;
using Server.Models.Database;

namespace Server.Services.Implementations;

public class Database : Server.Services.Interfaces.IDatabase {
	private static readonly JsonSerializerOptions serializerOptions = new() {
		PropertyNamingPolicy = JsonNamingPolicy.CamelCase,
	};

	private ILogger<Database> Logger { get; }

	public DbRecord DbData { get; private set; } = new(3);

	public IReadOnlyList<StationListing> Stations => stationListingsCollection.FindSync(_ => true).ToList();
	public IReadOnlyList<TrainListing> Trains => trainListingsCollection.FindSync(_ => true).ToList();

	private static readonly string DbDir = Environment.GetEnvironmentVariable("DB_DIR") ?? Path.Join(Environment.CurrentDirectory, "db");
	private static readonly string DbFile = Path.Join(DbDir, "db.json");
	private static readonly string StationsFile = Path.Join(DbDir, "stations.json");
	private static readonly string TrainsFile = Path.Join(DbDir, "trains.json");

	private readonly IMongoDatabase db;
	private readonly IMongoCollection<DbRecord> dbRecordCollection;
	private readonly IMongoCollection<TrainListing> trainListingsCollection;
	private readonly IMongoCollection<StationListing> stationListingsCollection;

	public Database(ILogger<Database> logger, IOptions<MongoSettings> mongoSettings) {
		Logger = logger;

		MongoClient mongoClient = new(mongoSettings.Value.ConnectionString);
		db = mongoClient.GetDatabase(mongoSettings.Value.DatabaseName) ?? throw new NullReferenceException("Unable to get Mongo database");
		dbRecordCollection = db.GetCollection<DbRecord>("db");
		trainListingsCollection = db.GetCollection<TrainListing>("trainListings");
		stationListingsCollection = db.GetCollection<StationListing>("stationListings");

		Migration();
	}

	private void Migration() {
		if (!File.Exists(DbFile) && File.Exists(TrainsFile)) {
			Logger.LogInformation("Migrating DB version 1 -> 2");
			if (File.Exists(StationsFile)) {
				Logger.LogDebug("Converting StationsFile");
				var oldStations = JsonNode.Parse(File.ReadAllText(StationsFile));
				List<StationListing> stations = new();
				if (oldStations != null) {
					Logger.LogDebug("Found {StationsCount} stations", oldStations.AsArray().Count);
					foreach (var station in oldStations.AsArray()) {
						if (station == null) continue;
						station["stoppedAtBy"] = new JsonArray(station["stoppedAtBy"]!.AsArray().Select(num => (JsonNode)(num!).ToString()!).ToArray());
					}
					stations = oldStations.Deserialize<List<StationListing>>(serializerOptions)!;
				}
				Logger.LogDebug("Rewriting StationsFile");
				File.WriteAllText(StationsFile, JsonSerializer.Serialize(stations, serializerOptions));
			}
			if (File.Exists(TrainsFile)) {
				Logger.LogDebug("Converting TrainsFile");
				var oldTrains = JsonNode.Parse(File.ReadAllText(TrainsFile));
				List<TrainListing> trains = new();
				if (oldTrains != null) {
					Logger.LogDebug("Found {TrainsCount} trains", oldTrains.AsArray().Count);
					foreach (var train in oldTrains.AsArray()) {
						if (train == null) continue;
						train["number"] = train["numberString"];
						train.AsObject().Remove("numberString");
					}
					trains = oldTrains.Deserialize<List<TrainListing>>(serializerOptions)!;
				}
				Logger.LogDebug("Rewriting TrainsFile");
				File.WriteAllText(TrainsFile, JsonSerializer.Serialize(trains, serializerOptions));
			}
			DbData = new(2);
			File.WriteAllText(DbFile, JsonSerializer.Serialize(DbData, serializerOptions));
			Migration();
		}
		else if (File.Exists(DbFile)) {
			var oldDbData = JsonNode.Parse(File.ReadAllText(DbFile));
			if (((int?)oldDbData?["version"]) == 2) {
				Logger.LogInformation("Migrating DB version 2 -> 3 (transition from fs+JSON to MongoDB)");

				if (File.Exists(StationsFile)) {
					Logger.LogDebug("Converting StationsFile");
					var stations = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<StationListing>>(File.ReadAllText(StationsFile));
					stationListingsCollection.InsertMany(stations);
					File.Delete(StationsFile);
				}

				if (File.Exists(TrainsFile)) {
					Logger.LogDebug("Converting TrainsFile");
					var trains = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<List<TrainListing>>(File.ReadAllText(TrainsFile));
					trainListingsCollection.InsertMany(trains);
					File.Delete(TrainsFile);
				}
				
				File.Delete(DbFile);
				try {
					Directory.Delete(DbDir);
				}
				catch (Exception) {
					// Deleting of the directory is optional; may not be allowed in Docker or similar
				}

				var x = dbRecordCollection.FindSync(_ => true).ToList()!;
				if (x.Count != 0) {
					Logger.LogWarning("db collection contained data when migrating to V3");
					using (var _ = Logger.BeginScope("Already existing data:")) {
						foreach (var dbRecord in x) {
							Logger.LogInformation("Id: {Id}, Version: {Version}", dbRecord.Id, dbRecord.Version);
						}
					}
					Logger.LogInformation("Backing up existing data");
					var backupDbRecordCollection = db.GetCollection<DbRecord>("db-backup");
					backupDbRecordCollection.InsertMany(x);
					Logger.LogDebug("Removing existing data");
					dbRecordCollection.DeleteMany(_ => true);
				}
				dbRecordCollection.InsertOne(new(3));
				Migration();
			}
			else {
				throw new("Unexpected Database version, only DB Version 2 uses DbFile");
			}
		}
		else {
			var datas = dbRecordCollection.FindSync(_ => true).ToList();
			if (datas.Count == 0) {
				Logger.LogInformation("No db record found, new database");
				dbRecordCollection.InsertOne(DbData);
			}
			else {
				DbData = datas[0];
			}
			if (DbData.Version == 3) {
				Logger.LogInformation("Using MongoDB Database Version 3; noop");
			}
			else {
				throw new($"Unexpected Database version: {DbData.Version}");
			}
		}
	}

	public async Task<string> FoundTrain(string rank, string number, string company) {
		number = string.Join("", number.TakeWhile(c => c is >= '0' and <= '9'));
		if (!await (await trainListingsCollection.FindAsync(Builders<TrainListing>.Filter.Eq("number", number))).AnyAsync()) {
			Logger.LogDebug("Found train {Rank} {Number} from {Company}", rank, number, company);
			await trainListingsCollection.InsertOneAsync(new(number: number, rank: rank, company: company));
		}
		return number;
	}

	public async Task FoundStation(string name) {
		if (!await (stationListingsCollection.Find(Builders<StationListing>.Filter.Eq("name", name))).AnyAsync()) {
			Logger.LogDebug("Found station {StationName}", name);
			await stationListingsCollection.InsertOneAsync(new(name, new()));
		}
	}

	public async Task FoundTrainAtStation(string stationName, string trainNumber) {
		trainNumber = string.Join("", trainNumber.TakeWhile(c => c is >= '0' and <= '9'));
		await FoundStation(stationName);
		var updateResult = await stationListingsCollection.UpdateOneAsync(
			Builders<StationListing>.Filter.Eq("name", stationName),
			Builders<StationListing>.Update.AddToSet("stoppedAtBy", trainNumber)
		);
		if (updateResult.IsAcknowledged && updateResult.ModifiedCount > 0) {
			Logger.LogDebug("Found train {TrainNumber} at station {StationName}", trainNumber, stationName);
		}
	}

	public async Task OnTrainData(InfoferScraper.Models.Train.ITrainScrapeResult trainData) {
		var trainNumber = await FoundTrain(trainData.Rank, trainData.Number, trainData.Operator);
		foreach (var group in trainData.Groups) {
			foreach (var station in group.Stations) {
				await FoundTrainAtStation(station.Name, trainNumber);
			}
		}
	}

	public async Task OnStationData(InfoferScraper.Models.Station.IStationScrapeResult stationData) {
		var stationName = stationData.StationName;

		async Task ProcessTrain(InfoferScraper.Models.Station.IStationArrDep train) {
			var trainNumber = train.Train.Number;
			trainNumber = await FoundTrain(train.Train.Rank, trainNumber, train.Train.Operator);
			await FoundTrainAtStation(stationName, trainNumber);
			if (train.Train.Route.Count != 0) {
				foreach (var station in train.Train.Route) {
					await FoundTrainAtStation(station, trainNumber);
				}
			}
		}

		if (stationData.Arrivals != null) {
			foreach (var train in stationData.Arrivals) {
				await ProcessTrain(train);
			}
		}
		if (stationData.Departures != null) {
			foreach (var train in stationData.Departures) {
				await ProcessTrain(train);
			}
		}
	}
}

public record DbRecord(
	[property: BsonId]
	[property: BsonRepresentation(BsonType.ObjectId)]
	[property: JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)]
	string? Id,
	int Version
) {
	public DbRecord(int version) : this(null, version) { }
}